ASSESSMENT OF INFLAMMATORY STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Objective: The metabolic disorder, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major health problem which is the risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, and other macrovascular diseases. Inflammation is the major pathogenesis of all the above conditions. Therefore, there is a need to assess the inflammatory status using simple and reliable marker which would help to diagnose the disease and assess the prognosis of the disease. Hence, the aim of the current study is to estimate the level of simple inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) in Type 2 diabetes individual.Materials and Method: Fifty patients, reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, were enrolled in the study which includes 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and CRP using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: The mean FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels were higher in T2DM patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The serum FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels in the control group and T2DM group were 85.08±8.47, 4.27±0.63, and 6.51±0.83 and 168, 7.38±0.9, and 27.23±19.06, respectively. There was a significant (p=0.000) difference in the mean CRP levels of the above groups.Conclusion: CRP level were consistently higher in T2DM individuals; hence, it could be a simple and reliable marker to assess the inflammatory status of the diabetic individuals

ESTIMATION OF SERUM COPPER AND ZINC IN ANAEMIC PATIENTS

Objective: Estimation of serum zinc and copper levels in anemic patients.Methods: The study design included 30 subjects presenting to clinical laboratory, global hospitals. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. TheGroup 1 consists of 15 healthy individuals and Group 2 consists of 15 anemic patients.Results: The serum copper and zinc levels were evaluated in anemic patients. The serum copper and zinc were found to be significantly lower in  anemic patients when compared with normal individuals.Conclusion: Thus, the study concludes that the serum zinc and copper in anemic patients is significantly less when compared to the control individuals.Hence, it is important to add adequate amount of zinc and copper rich food in their diet to control the prevalence of anemia.Keywords: Anemia, Zinc, Copper, Hemoglobin

Pregnancy outcome among gestational diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care centre

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus poses numerous health problems for both mother and the fetus. Even though there are improved outcomes, complications of gestational diabetes still persists. Objectives of this study was to find out the maternal and perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was done among pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam. oral glucose tolerance test was done at between 24 to 28 weeks and the values more than their cutoff was labelled as gestational diabetes and their outcome was measured as complications during antenatal period, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome in view of neonatal intensive care unit admissions due to hyperbilirubinemia and respiratory distress syndrome.Results: Out of 500 antenatal mothers 65 were found to have gestational diabetes which is approximately 13%. Obstetric outcomes were 10% of them developed pregnancy induced hypertension, 12% of them ended in preterm labour and polyhydramnios in 2%. Delivery by caesarean section and vaginal route is almost similar. Maximum number of neonatal intensive care admissions are due to hyperbilirubinemia followed by respiratory distress.Conclusions: Screening for gestational diabetes and adequate glycemic control is necessary in preventing short term and long-term complications

Crystal structure and docking studies of hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles

The crystal structures of two new isomorphous pyridine structures, 2-ethoxy-4-(2-flurophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ia) and 2-methoxy-4-(4-isopropylphenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Ib) were elucidated by single crystal X ray diffraction. Compound (Ia) C20H21FN2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 7.0738 (3) Å, b = 17.3519(8) Å, c = 14.4239 (7) Å, b = 91.837 (2)° and Z = 4. The compound (Ib), C22H25N2O, crystallizes in the same crystal system as compound (Ib), space group P21/c with a = 9.7123(6) Å, b = 20.6046(9) Å, c = 10.4657(6) Å,  b = 117.208 (3)° and Z = 4. The central heterocyclic ring adopts a planar conformation and the cyclooctane ring adopts a twisted boat chair conformation in both (Ia) and (Ib).   The synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-tuberculosis activity and were used to identify lead structures through docking studies, by automated docking. This approach was used to determine the orientation of inhibitors bound in the active site with the enzyme N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase that is involved in arginine biosynthesis in M. tuberculosis (MtbAGPR). Details of the preparation, crystal structure determination, intra and inter molecular interactions of the compounds and their docking studies are given

Insecticidal activity and changes in midgut histology of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to seed extract of Annona squamosa Linn.

The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura F., is one of the most devastating, cosmopolitan polyphagous pests affecting major crops that significantly impact agricultural productivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effect of seed extract of the medicinal plant, Annona squamosa L. and the histological effect on the midgut of Spodoptera litura F., under laboratory conditions. The crude methanolic extract of A. squamosa seed was tested against the third instar larvae of S. litura at five different concentrations viz., 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5 % by leaf dip bioassay method. The seed extract exhibited larval mortality of 96.67%, 83.37 %,70%, 53.33% and 40 % at the concentrations 2.5 %, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively.The results indicated that the response of larval mortality to the seed extract was dose-dependent. The dose of 0.5% showed the lowest mortality (40.00%), while the dose of 2.5 % showed maximum larval mortality (96.67%). Hence they were subjected to histological analysis. The anatomical sectioning of S. litura larval midgut treated with 0.5% concentration showed disruption in the peritrophic membrane and striated border of epithelial cells. The midgut of larvae treated with 2.5 % concentration showed an irregular epithelium and high vacuolization in the cytoplasmic cells. The results indicated that methanol extract of A. squamosa seed extract has the ability to cause changes in the midgut region, thereby affecting the digestion and nutrient absorption of S. litura larvae, which will lead to a debilitating effect on the development of larvae. Based on the present study A. squamosa seed extract will be a potential biopesticide for managing S. litura

(±)-trans-5-Benzoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro­furan-3-carbonitrile

The furan ring in the title compound, C26H18N2O2, is twisted about the C(H)—C(H) bond. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action, which generates an S(6) ring motif. The presence of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds leads to inversion dimers, which are stabilized in the crystal packing by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming layers that stack along the a axis

Improved DASH Architecture for Quality Cloud Video Streaming in Automated Systems

In modern times, multimedia streaming systems that transmit video across a channel primarily use HTTP services as a delivery component. Encoding the video for all quality levels is avoided thanks to fuzzy based encoders' ability to react to network changes. Additionally, the system frequently uses packet priority assignment utilising a linear error model to enhance the dynamic nature of DASH without buffering. Based on a fuzzy encoder, the decision of video quality is made in consideration of the bandwidth available. This is a component of the MPEG DASH encoder. The Fuzzy DASH system seeks to increase the scalability of online video streaming, making it suitable for live video broadcasts through mobile and other devices

7′-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-5′′-[(naphthalen-2-yl)­methyl­idene]-1′,3′,5′,6′,7′,7a′-hexa­hydro­dispiro­[acenaphthene-1,5′-pyrrolo­[1,2-c]thia­zole-6′,3′′-piperidine]-2(1H),4′′-dione

In the title compound, C43H34N2O2S, the six-membered piperidine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The five-membered thia­zole ring adopts a slightly twisted envelope conformation and the pyrrole ring adopts an envelope conformation; in each case, the C atom linking the rings is the flap atom. The mol­ecular structure features inter- and intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. Furthermore, the crystal packing is stabilized by four inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

Antioxidant Activity and Hydroxyl Radical Induced DNA Damage Protection Effect of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma amada ROXB

ABSTRACT Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) has been extensively used in South India to make pickles. The present study was aimed at determining the antioxidant activity and DNA protecting activity of aqueous extract of C.amada. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of C.amada was determined by using its Iron chelating capacity and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The DNA damage protection potential was also determined using Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) induced damage on herring sperm DNA. Results revealed a strong antioxidant activity with IC 50 value of 297.3 µg/ml on iron chelating capacity and IC 50 value of 323.8 µg/ml on hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extract also showed a concentration dependent DNA damage protecting effect. These results clearly demonstrates the strong antioxidant and DNA damage protecting potential of C.amada aqueous extract and marks its use as a potential source of natural antioxidant